RESTORE Lab
Penn Neurosurgery
// Publications

Published work, by topic.

Publications grouped by topic, with full author lists verified against PubMed. Every entry links to its PubMed record.

→ Iahn Cajigas on Google Scholar  ·  → Bibliography (MyNCBI)  ·  → ORCID

Author highlighting

The PI's name is highlighted in cyan within each author list. Where the lab's recent papers are first- or senior-authored from Penn, that's explicit; where Dr. Cajigas was a co-author from Miami or as part of a larger collaboration, the position in the list reflects that.

// Selected publications

Most representative work, by topic.

A short list of the lab's most-cited or most-illustrative papers across the five research threads. Full lists are in the topic sections below.

Cajigas I, Davis KC, Meschede-Krasa B, Prins NW, Gallo S, Naeem JA, Palermo A, Wilson A, Guerra S, Parks BA, Zimmerman L, Gant K, Levi AD, Dietrich WD, Fisher L, Vanni S, Tauber JM, Garwood IC, Abel JH, Brown EN, Ivan ME, Prasad A, Jagid J.
Implantable brain-computer interface for neuroprosthetic-enabled volitional hand grasp restoration in spinal cord injury.
Brain Communications · 2021 · 3(4):fcab248
Why this matters: first demonstration of a fully implanted ECoG-based BCI for volitional hand grasp in a person with cervical spinal cord injury — the foundational paper for the lab's BCI program.
PubMed · All BCI papers ↓
Davis KC, Wyse-Sookoo KR, Raza F, Meschede-Krasa B, Prins NW, Fisher L, Brown EN, Cajigas I, Ivan ME, Jagid JR, Prasad A.
5-year follow-up of a fully implanted brain-computer interface in a spinal cord injury patient.
Journal of Neural Engineering · 2025 · 22(2)
Why this matters: long-term (5-year) follow-up of the Brain Communications 2021 case — the longest-running fully implanted BCI follow-up in a person with SCI to date, with stable decoder performance.
PubMed · All BCI papers ↓
Cajigas I, Malik WQ, Brown EN.
nSTAT: Open-source neural spike train analysis toolbox for Matlab.
Journal of Neuroscience Methods · 2012 · 211: 245–264
Why this matters: the methods paper for nSTAT — the lab's open-source toolbox for point-process GLMs and adaptive decoding. Cited across the BCI and neural-decoding literature.
PubMed · → Software page
Cajigas I, Khan MAS, Mahavadi A, Watson A, Khaund A, Bhambri A, Casabella AM, Lopez J, Patel V, Gibson D, Sur S, Jagid JR, Cosgrove GR, Ivan ME, Bullock R.
Cerebellar deep brain stimulation in cerebral palsy.
Journal of Neurosurgery · 2023
Why this matters: foundational case series on cerebellar DBS for movement disorders in cerebral palsy — informing the larger UCSF-led trial.
PubMed · All movement papers ↓
Cajigas I, et al.
Thalamus: a real-time system for synchronized, closed-loop multimodal behavioral and electrophysiological data capture.
Communications Engineering · 2026 · s44172-026-00646-z
Why this matters: the methods paper for Thalamus — the lab's real-time data-capture platform for the OR. Open-source and used across the lab's intraoperative studies.
Nature · → Software page
Brain-Computer Interfaces
Cajigas I, Davis KC, Meschede-Krasa B, Prins NW, Gallo S, Naeem JA, Palermo A, Wilson A, Guerra S, Parks BA, Zimmerman L, Gant K, Levi AD, Dietrich WD, Fisher L, Vanni S, Tauber JM, Garwood IC, Abel JH, Brown EN, Ivan ME, Prasad A, Jagid J.
Implantable brain-computer interface for neuroprosthetic-enabled volitional hand grasp restoration in spinal cord injury.
Brain Communications · 2021 · 3(4):fcab248
PubMed
Davis KC, Meschede-Krasa B, Cajigas I, Prins NW, Alver C, Gallo S, Bhatia S, Abel JH, Naeem JA, Fisher L, Raza F, Rifai WR, Morrison M, Ivan ME, Brown EN, Jagid JR, Prasad A.
Design-development of an at-home modular brain-computer interface (BCI) platform in a case study of cervical spinal cord injury.
Journal of NeuroEngineering and Rehabilitation · 2022
PubMed
Davis KC, Wyse-Sookoo KR, Raza F, Meschede-Krasa B, Prins NW, Fisher L, Brown EN, Cajigas I, Ivan ME, Jagid JR, Prasad A.
5-year follow-up of a fully implanted brain-computer interface in a spinal cord injury patient.
Journal of Neural Engineering · 2025 · 22(2)
PubMed
Cajigas I, Davis KC, Prins NW, Gallo S, Naeem JA, Fisher L, Ivan ME, Prasad A, Jagid JR.
Brain-Computer interface control of stepping from invasive electrocorticography upper-limb motor imagery in a patient with quadriplegia.
Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · 2023 · 16:1077416
PubMed
Cajigas I, Vedantam A.
Brain-Computer Interface, Neuromodulation, and Neurorehabilitation Strategies for Spinal Cord Injury (review).
Neurosurgery Clinics of North America · 2021
PubMed
Epilepsy
Gallagher RS, Sinha N, Pattnaik AR, Ojemann WKS, Lucas A, LaRocque JJ, Bernabei JM, Greenblatt AS, Sweeney EM, Cajigas I, Chen HI, Davis KA, Conrad EC, Litt B.
The sixth sense: how much does interictal intracranial EEG add to determining the focality of epileptic networks?
Brain Communications · 2024 · 6(5):fcae320
PubMed
Li A, Huynh C, Fitzgerald Z, Cajigas I, Brusko D, Jagid J, Claudio AO, Kanner AM, Hopp J, Chen S, Haagensen J, Johnson E, Anderson W, Crone N, Inati S, Zaghloul KA, Bulacio J, Gonzalez-Martinez J, Sarma SV.
Neural fragility as an EEG marker of the seizure onset zone.
Nature Neuroscience · 2021
PubMed
Youngerman BE, Banu MA, Khan F, McKhann GM, Schevon CA, Jagid JR, Cajigas I, Theodotou CB, Ko A, Buckley R, Ojemann JG, Miller JW, Laxton AW, Couture DE, Popli GS, Buch VP, Halpern CH, Le S, Sharan AD, Sperling MR, Mehta AD, Englot DJ, Neimat JS, Konrad PE, Sheth SA, Neal EG, Vale FL, Holloway KL, Air EL, Schwalb JM, D'Haese PF, Wu C.
Long-term outcomes of mesial temporal laser interstitial thermal therapy for drug-resistant epilepsy and subsequent surgery for seizure recurrence: a multi-centre cohort study.
Multicentre cohort · 2023
PubMed
Kanner AM, Irving LT, Cajigas I, Saporta A, Cordeiro JG, Ribot R, Velez-Ruiz N, Detyniecki K, Melo-Bicchi M, Rey G, Palomeque M, King-Aponte T, Theodotou C, Ivan ME, Jagid JR.
Long-term seizure and psychiatric outcomes following laser ablation of mesial temporal structures.
Epilepsia · 2022
PubMed
Jermakowicz WJ, Cajigas I, Dan L, Guerra S, Sur S, D'Haese PF, Kanner AM, Jagid JR.
Ablation dynamics during laser interstitial thermal therapy for mesiotemporal epilepsy.
2018
PubMed
Lee AT, Nichols NM, Speidel BA, Fan JM, Cajigas I, Knowlton RC, Chang EF.
Modern intracranial electroencephalography for epilepsy localization with combined subdural grid and depth electrodes with low and improved hemorrhagic complication rates.
J Neurosurg · 2022
PubMed
Bernabei JM, Litt B, Cajigas I.
Thalamic stereo-EEG in epilepsy surgery: where do we stand? (review)
Review · 2023
PubMed
Geng D, Alkhachroum A, Melo Bicchi MA, Jagid JR, Cajigas I, Chen ZS.
Deep learning for robust detection of interictal epileptiform discharges.
2021
PubMed
Movement Disorders
Cajigas I, Morrison MA, San Luciano M, Starr PA.
Cerebellar deep brain stimulation for the treatment of movement disorders in cerebral palsy.
Journal of Neurosurgery · 2023 · 139(3):605
PubMed
Cajigas I, Morrison MA, San Luciano M, Starr PA.
Cerebellar Deep Brain Stimulation in Cerebral Palsy: Promising Early Results and a Look Forward to a Larger Clinical Trial.
Neurosurgery · 2023
PubMed
Rahimpour S, Gaztanaga W, Yadav AP, Chang SJ, Krucoff MO, Cajigas I, Turner DA, Wang DD.
Freezing of Gait in Parkinson's Disease: Invasive and Noninvasive Neuromodulation (review).
Review · 2021
PubMed
Chang S, Cajigas I, Opris I, Guest JD, Noga BR.
Dissecting Brainstem Locomotor Circuits: Converging Evidence for Cuneiform Nucleus Stimulation.
2020
PubMed
Chang SJ, Cajigas I, Guest JD, Noga BR, Widerström-Noga E, Haq I, Fisher L, Luca CC, Jagid JR.
MR Tractography-Based Targeting and Physiological Identification of the Cuneiform Nucleus for Directional DBS in a Parkinson's Disease Patient With Levodopa-Resistant Freezing of Gait.
2021
PubMed
Borges PGLB, Qureshi Q, Hammer LH, Cajigas I.
Effect of Motor Imagery on Tremor in a Patient With Parkinson Disease Undergoing Intraoperative Testing.
2025
PubMed
Qiu L, Pomeraniec IJ, Howard SD, Ajmera S, Bagley LJ, Cajigas I, Kennedy BC, Halpern CH.
Intraprocedural Three-Dimensional Imaging Registration Optimizes Magnetic Resonance Imaging-Guided Focused Ultrasound and Facilitates Novel Applications.
2025
PubMed
Howard SD, Potluri VS, Hejazi-Garcia C, Davis P, Heuer GG, Punchak MA, Malhotra NR, Hsu JY, Cajigas I.
The social deprivation index and deep brain stimulation: A cohort study.
2025
PubMed
Howard SD, Singh S, Macaluso D, Hsu JY, Cajigas I, Qiu L, Halpern CH, Aamodt WW, Farrar JT.
Correlation of the clinical rating scale for tremor with a global assessment.
2024
PubMed
Howard S, Gabriel E, Karsalia R, Macaluso D, Hsu JY, Qiu L, Malhotra NR, Cajigas I, Aamodt W, Farrar J.
Reasons for Hospitalizations and Emergency Department Visits Among Patients with Essential Tremor.
2024
PubMed
Howard SD, Singh S, Macaluso D, Cajigas I, Aamodt WW, Farrar JT.
Validation of the International Classification of Diseases, Tenth Revision-Clinical Modification Diagnostic Code for Essential Tremor.
2024
PubMed
Neuromodulation
Starkweather CK, Sugrue LP, Cajigas I, Speidel B, Krystal AD, Scangos K, Chang EF.
Stereoelectroencephalography Electrode Implantation for Inpatient Workup of Treatment-Resistant Depression.
2024
PubMed
Choi W, Nho Y-H, Qiu L, Chang A, Campos G, Seilheimer RL, Wilent WB, Bakalov D, Firdous N, Kerr M, Joshi D, Maze G, Topalovic U, Batista D, Suthana N, Amaro A, Hayes MR, Cajigas I, Cristancho M, Allison KC, Pesaran B, Scangos KW, Gold JI, Wadden TA, Halpern CH.
Brain activity associated with breakthrough food preoccupation in an individual on tirzepatide.
2025
PubMed
Pain
Howard SD, Karsalia R, Ghenbot Y, Qiu L, Pomeraniec IJ, Lee JYK, Zager EL, Cajigas I.
A surgical decision aid for occipital neuralgia with literature review and single center case series.
2023
PubMed
Robotics & Motor Control
Severini G, Koenig A, Adans-Dester C, Cajigas I, Cheung VCK, Bonato P.
Robot-Driven Locomotor Perturbations Reveal Synergy-Mediated, Context-Dependent Feedforward and Feedback Mechanisms of Adaptation.
2020
PubMed
Cajigas I, Koenig A, Severini G, Smith M, Bonato P.
Robot-induced perturbations of human walking reveal a selective generation of motor adaptation.
2020
PubMed
Pietrusinski M, Severini G, Cajigas I, Mavroidis C, Bonato P.
Design of a gait training device for control of pelvic obliquity.
2013
PubMed
Severini G, Koenig A, Cajigas I, Lesniewski-Laas N, Niemi J, Bonato P.
Subsensory stochastic electrical stimulation targeting muscle afferents alters gait control during locomotor adaptations to haptic perturbations.
2023
PubMed
Clinical ML / AI
Kolcun JPG, Covello B, Gernsback JE, Cajigas I, Jagid JR.
Machine learning to predict passenger mortality and hospital length of stay following motor vehicle collision.
2022
PubMed
Vaz A, Wathen C, Miranda S, Thomas R, Darlington T, Jabarkheel R, Tomlinson S, Arena J, Bond K, Salwi S, Ajmera S, Bachschmid-Romano L, Gugger J, Sandsmark D, Diaz-Arrastia R, Schuster J, Ramayya AG, Cajigas I, Pesaran B, Chen HI, Petrov D.
Return of intracranial beta oscillations and traveling waves with recovery from traumatic brain injury.
2024
PubMed